使用多式模式来预测阿尔茨海默病的进展和临床亚型
Hao Ren1,2, Fengshi Jing2, Yue Zhou3,4
1Institute for Healthcare Artificial Intelligence Application, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510317 China.
Health information science and systems
|December 11, 2025
概括
这项研究开发了一个多式模式框架,使用3DMRI和临床数据来预测阿尔茨海默病的进展. 该模型准确地将患者分为各个亚型,并在四年内预测认知能力下降.
科学领域:
- 神经成像是一种神经成像.
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 生物医学信息学 生物医学信息学
背景情况:
- 阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 呈现异质的临床过程,使得早期预测和子组鉴定变得困难.
- 目前的方法通常依赖于单一的数据类型和广泛的分类,限制了预后准确性.
研究的目的:
- 创建和验证一个综合3DMRI和临床数据的多式模式框架.
- 将AD患者分为临床上有意义的进展亚型.
- 预测个人的认知和记忆轨迹,直到48个月后的基线.
主要方法:
- 利用了ADNI-2数据集 (n=453) 与3D T1加权的MRI和临床指标.
- 使用预训练的Med3D网络提取MRI特征;结合认知,功能和遗传数据.
- 采用非负矩阵因子化和K介质来识别子组;评估纵向模型 (LSTM变体,CNN,变压器) 与SHAP进行解释性.
主要成果:
- 根据集群指标,确定了三个不同的预后子组 ("低"",温和"",快速").
- 带有注意力的多模式LSTM表现出卓越的性能,在6个月,12个月和48个月达到0.196,0.203和0.261的低平均绝对误差 (MAE).
- SHAP分析显示,记忆和语言特征是认知轨迹的关键预测因素.
结论:
- 开发了一个可解释的,自动化的多模式框架,用于AD患者分层和认知预测.
- 该框架使得可靠的子组识别和个性化的预后,长达四年.
- 支持阿尔茨海默病患者的有针对性的临床决策.
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