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缓解阿拉尔海灾难后果:评估土壤化趋势和卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦的环保整治

S Sadullaev¹, B Sultonov², F Ashurov³

¹Urgench State University, Department of Fruit and Vegetable Growing, Urgench, Uzbekistan.

Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia

|December 11, 2025

概括

卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦的土壤盐度是一个主要的环境问题,阿拉尔海灾难加剧了这一问题. 像Tamarix ramosissima这样的本土植物与有机土和堆肥相结合,为土壤恢复和可持续性提供了有效的,基于自然的解决方案.

科学领域:

环境科学环境科学
土壤科学土壤科学
生态生态学生态生态学

背景情况:

阿拉尔海环境灾难导致卡拉卡尔巴克斯坦自治共和国的土壤严重化和退化.
高度的土壤盐度 (ECe高达35.7dS/m) 和度 (ESP>25%),以主要的Na+-Cl-离子构成,会损害土壤的透性和农业可行性.

研究的目的:

分析土壤盐度趋势并评估2019年至2024年在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦的环境合理的恢复技术.
评估以自然为基础的解决方案对减轻土壤退化和确保区域可持续性的有效性.

主要方法:

采用了现场观测,遥感和补救实验的综合方法.
在不同深度对土壤盐度 (ECe) 的季节性监测以及对土壤离子组成和可交换百分比 (ESP) 的分析.
评估本土植物 (Tamarix ramosissima) 的种植,有机料和用于改善土壤的堆肥应用.

主要成果:

靠近干湖床的土壤盐度是远方农田的4.8倍.
塔马里克斯 (Tamarix ramosissima) 的生存率达92%,表面盐度降低了58%.
结合处理显著改善了土壤健康,增加了微生物活动,减少了蒸发,导致盐度低于20dS/m.

结论:

基于生态系统的恢复系统对于卡拉卡尔巴克斯坦的可持续性至关重要,与过去的浪费性做法形成鲜明对比.
基于自然的解决方案有效地稳定了土壤的盐度,减轻了土壤的退化.
如果没有干预,预计到2030年小麦产量将下降67%,这凸显了实施这些恢复战略的紧迫性.

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