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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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假期对阅读流性发展的影响

Isa Mourão Carvalho1, Luiza Vitória da Cunha Ferreira2, Rebecca Chrispim Silva2

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延长的学校假期会对小学学生的阅读能力产生负面影响,休息后的表现会下降. 这凸显了在休息时间保持阅读技能的策略的需要.

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科学领域:

  • 教育教育教育教育教育教育.
  • 发展心理学 发展心理学

背景情况:

  • 阅读流对于学业成功至关重要.
  • 长时间的休息,如学校假期,可能会破坏学习的连续性.

研究的目的:

  • 评估学校假期对小学学生阅读流性的影响.
  • 确定受"假期效应"对阅读技能的影响最大的年级.

主要方法:

  • 从2022-2024年对98名学生 (2-5年级) 的纵向观察研究.
  • 在假期之前和之后使用适当的文本评估阅读流性.
  • 配对的t测试,t测试和科恩的d用于统计分析.

主要成果:

  • 从学年开始到学年结束,阅读速度有所改善.
  • 在漫长的假期后,阅读流度的统计显著下降被观察到.
  • 从二年级过渡到三年级的学生的下降幅度较小,可能是因为他们经常练习阅读.

结论:

  • "假期效应"对三年级,四年级和五年级的阅读能力产生了负面影响.
  • 教学策略对于促进在学校休息期间继续阅读至关重要.
  • 在假期期间保持阅读能力对于学术进步至关重要.