匹配的背景很重要:关于认知控制策略跨范式转移的证据
Kaichi Yanaoka1, Félice van 't Wout2, Satoru Saito3
1Osaka Kyoiku University.
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
|December 11, 2025
概括
当与目标无关的背景,如背景,在任务之间匹配时,认知控制转移得到改善. 仅靠主动控制策略,就不能促进成年人的跨范式转移.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 人类的认知能力.
背景情况:
- 认知控制可塑性是人类认知的关键.
- 之前的研究探讨了任务体验如何改善新情况中的认知控制.
- 允许认知控制转移的因素仍在争论中.
研究的目的:
- 研究成年人成功转移认知控制的基础策略.
- 检查主动控制和与目标无关的上下文信息在转移中的作用.
主要方法:
- 与成年参与者进行了三项实验 (n=156,148,174).
- 用贝叶斯分析来评估主动控制的转移.
- 实验重点是任务交换和AX-连续性能测试范式,操纵上下文信息.
主要成果:
- 实验1发现主动控制在任务之间没有转移.
- 实验2和3表明,匹配与目标无关的上下文信息 (例如背景) 促进了认知控制的转移.
- 适度的证据支持了背景背景匹配在跨范式转移中的作用.
结论:
- 仅靠主动控制策略并不能充分解释跨范式的认知控制转移.
- 与目标无关的上下文信息在促进认知控制转移方面发挥着重要作用.
- 未来的研究应该考虑与目标相关的和与目标无关的任务知识,以理解转移.
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