影响在医疗保健中采用大型语言模型的因素:多中心横截面混合方法 观察性研究
Xiongwen Yang1,2, Yi Xiao3, Di Liu1,2
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No. 83, Zhongshan East Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550000, China, 86 18620726507.
Journal of medical Internet research
|December 11, 2025
概括
信任和感知到的有用性是采用大型语言模型 (LLM) 在医疗保健中的关键,而不是性能. 这项研究强调了需要管理信任和准备,以便在医疗环境中公平地整合人工智能.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 社会技术系统 社会技术系统
背景情况:
- 像ChatGPT这样的大型语言模型 (LLM) 正在彻底改变医疗信息获取,但在医疗保健中面临采用障碍.
- 信任,隐私和数字准备是关键问题,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家.
研究的目的:
- 调查信任,信息行为和社会技术准备如何影响中国医疗保健专业人员 (HCP) 和患者/护理人员 (PC) 采用LLM.
- 确定推动或阻碍使用LLM用于医疗信息和决策支持的关键因素.
主要方法:
- 一个多中心,横截面的混合方法研究,涉及调查和采访240名医疗人员和480名专业人员.
- 使用后勤回归,随机森林和极端梯度增强与SHAP可解释性的定量分析.
- 对面试进行定性主题分析,以了解特定角色的期望和担忧.
主要成果:
- 信任是医疗保健医师 (OR 3.78) 和个人计算机 (OR 36.34) 采用LLM的主要预测因素.
- 对于HCP来说,以前的使用和法律清晰度促进了采用,而隐私问题阻碍了采用.
- 感知到的有用性,教育和数字工具的使用对个人电脑的采用产生了积极的影响.
- 高模型性能 (AUC 0.83-0.96) 显示出强大的预测准确性.
结论:
- 在医疗保健中的LLM采用取决于管理信任,识字和制度准备,而不仅仅是算法性能.
- 信任是一种多维结构,包括透明度,可靠性和上下文验证.
- 结果为设计可靠的医疗保健人工智能系统提供了实际指导,强调以用户为中心的设计和明确的问责制.
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