精子和热精子合成酶在真核生物进化过程中多次出现
Bin Li1, Jue Liang1, Hamid R Baniasadi1
1Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
The Journal of biological chemistry
|December 11, 2025
概括
精子合成酶 (SpmSyn) 和热精子合成酶 (TspmSyn) 通过各种机制进化,包括横向基因转移和基因重复,塑造它们在真核生物进化中的分布.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 生物化学 生物化学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 聚氨酸精氨酸和热精氨酸在真核细胞系中呈现差异分布.
- 它们的生物合成酶,精氨酸合成酶 (SpmSyn) 和热精氨酸合成酶 (TspmSyn),很可能是在真核生物进化过程中出现的,而不是在最后一个真核生物共同祖先中出现的.
研究的目的:
- 阐明在真核生物中功能验证的SpmSyns和TspmSyns的独特进化轨迹和系遗传分布.
- 研究这些关键的聚胺生物合成酶的起源和进化机制.
主要方法:
- 在多样化的真核细胞系中对SpmSyn和TspmSyn同类的遗传学分析.
- 比较基因组学来追踪进化的历史和基因复制事件.
- 在适用的情况下,对酶活动的功能验证.
主要成果:
- 动物SpmSyn是通过从细菌的水平基因转移获得的,作为一种融合蛋白质.
- 菌和植物SpmSyn通过精子胺合成酶的基因重复进化,随后是新功能化.
- 植物TspmSyn很可能起源于来自蓝藻细菌祖先的内共生基因转移,在各种原生体和其他藻类系中发现了同类物.
结论:
- SpmSyn和TspmSyn通过水平基因转移,基因重复和新功能化的组合进化,导致它们在真核生物中的多样化分布.
- 这些酶的进化途径与重大事件有关,例如动物,真菌,植物和塑体的出现.
相关概念视频
Eukaryotic Evolution
40.0K
The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
40.0K
Biosynthesis of Lipids
496
Microbial membranes exhibit remarkable diversity in lipid composition, reflecting evolutionary adaptations to various environmental conditions. The three domains of life—Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya—synthesize membrane lipids through distinct biosynthetic pathways, leading to fundamental structural differences that impact membrane stability, function, and adaptability.Fatty Acid-Based Lipids in Bacteria and EukaryaBacteria and eukaryotes share a common fatty acid biosynthesis...
496
Spermatogenesis
121.3K
Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
121.3K
Spermatogenesis
8.7K
Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves the development of sperm cells from undifferentiated stem cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The process is essential for the production of mature and functional sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.
The process of spermatogenesis can be divided into mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. During mitosis, the spermatogonia or stem cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells, type A and B spermatogonia. Type-A...
The process of spermatogenesis can be divided into mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. During mitosis, the spermatogonia or stem cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells, type A and B spermatogonia. Type-A...
8.7K
Multi-species Conserved Sequences
4.6K
Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
4.6K
Bacterial Transcription
35.5K
RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
35.5K


