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针对可切除头部和部状细胞癌的免疫疗法的进展

Jun Li¹, Binbin Pan¹, Yunyan Tai²

¹Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, People's Republic of China.

Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)

|December 12, 2025

概括

免疫检查点抑制剂在头癌治疗中表现有前途,在外科手术期间改善生存率. 需要进一步的研究来优化它们的使用和减少副作用.

科学领域:

在瘤学瘤学.
免疫治疗是一种免疫疗法.
头部和部癌症研究研究

背景情况:

头部和部状细胞癌 (HNSCC) 切除的复发率很高.
常规辅助化学放射治疗 (CRT) 对HNSCC的疗效已经平稳.
免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 在外科手术治疗中提供了进步.

研究的目的:

系统地审查最近对HNSCC的术后治疗中ICI的研究.
评估不同ICI和组合疗法的有效性.
确定未来研究HNSCC治疗的领域.

主要方法:

对四项关键临床试验 (KEYNOTE-689,NIVOPOSTOP,C-POST,NeoRTPC02) 的系统审查.
对治疗结果的分析,包括疾病进展,死亡率,无疾病生存期 (DFS) 和病理完整反应 (pCR).
基于生物标志物的疗效评估,如编程细胞死亡-L1 (PD-L1).

主要成果:

与标准治疗相结合的 pembrolizumab 减少了 34% 的进展/死亡率 (FDA 批准 PD-L1 CPS ≥10).
辅助尼沃卢马布与CRT改善了3年的DFS (63.1%对52.5%),无论PD-L1状态如何.
辅助剂塞米普利马布在高风险皮肤状细胞癌 (HR=0.32) 中显示了DFS优势.
低剂量放射治疗与免疫化疗实现了60.9%的PCR率.

结论:

在术后的HNSCC治疗中,ICI代表了显著的进步.
需要进一步的研究来确定最佳的治疗策略,辐射减少,器官保存和生物标志物选择.
未来的努力应侧重于跨学科的合作,以定制精确的治疗方案,以改善5年生存率和生活质量.

关键词:

一个辅助的辅助.免疫检查点抑制剂免疫检查点抑制剂免疫治疗是一种免疫疗法.新辅助剂是一种新辅助剂.经期操作性经期操作性可以切除的头部和部状细胞癌.

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