波兰的麻疹:2022-2023年 波兰的麻疹:2022-2023年
Karolina Mrozowska-Nyckowska1, Jakub Maciej Zbrzeźniak1, Iwona Paradowska-Stankiewicz1
1Zakład Epidemiologii Chorób Zakaźnych i Nadzoru, Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego PZH - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy.
Przeglad epidemiologiczny
|December 12, 2025
概括
与2021年相比,波兰的麻疹病例在2022-2023年增加,但仍低于大流行前的水平. 儿童疫苗接种覆盖率低于最佳水平,造成持续的疫情风险,需要加强监测和公共教育,以实现消除目标.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染病控制和控制传染病
背景情况:
- 麻疹是一种高度传染的病毒性疾病,对全球健康构成重大挑战.
- 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 通过高疫苗覆盖率 (≥95%),强有力的监测和实验室确认,旨在消除麻疹.
- 波兰国家公共卫生研究所 (NIH - 国家研究院) 协调了波兰的这些工作.
研究的目的:
- 评估波兰在2022-2023年期间的麻疹流行病学情况.
- 评估疫苗接种覆盖率和朝着世界卫生组织麻疹消除目标的进展.
- 分析COVID-19流行病对麻疹流行病学的影响.
主要方法:
- 对提交给NIH - NRI的麻疹病例报告的分析.
- 关于传染病和疫苗接种的国家公报的审查 (2022-2023年).
- 来自EpiBaza系统的个人流行病学访谈的检查.
主要成果:
- 麻疹发病率在2022年上升至0.07/100,000,在2023年上升至0.09/100,000,与2021年相比大幅增加,但明显低于2019年.
- 儿童,特别是0-4岁和5-9岁的儿童,是麻疹感染风险最高的群体.
- 住院率增加,尽管没有死亡报告.
结论:
- 尽管最近发生了增加,但波兰的麻疹发病率仍低于大流行前的水平.
- 儿童病例占主导地位,疫苗接种率低于95%,表明疫情的风险持续存在.
- 加强监测,监测疫苗接种率和公共卫生教育对于实现世卫组织消除麻疹的目标至关重要.
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