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Enteral Nutrition II: Nasointestinal and Gastrostomy Feeding01:15

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Enteral nutrition encompasses various methods of delivering nutrition directly to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, bypassing traditional oral intake. It is particularly beneficial for patients who cannot eat by mouth but have a functioning digestive system. Key methods include nasointestinal feeding, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy, each suited to different clinical scenarios based on the patient's needs and condition.
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Parenteral Nutrition (PN) delivers essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. It is commonly used for individuals with severe digestive disorders or conditions that prevent normal nutrient absorption.
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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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Enteral nutrition delivers nutrients directly to the stomach or small intestine through a tube. This method is appropriate for patients who cannot eat but still have a functioning digestive system. It is also beneficial for individuals with swallowing difficulties, anorexia, malabsorption, or those who have undergone gastrointestinal (GI) surgery.
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补充营养援助计划政策和粮食不安全问题

Sriya Potluri1, Atheendar S Venkataramani2,3, Scott A Lorch2,4

  • 1Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

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概括

增加获得补充营养援助计划 (SNAP) 的国家政策与减少粮食不安全 (FI) 有关. 简化SNAP参与可以帮助打击不断上升的FI利率.

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科学领域:

  • 公共卫生 公共卫生
  • 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
  • 营养政策 营养政策

背景情况:

  • 粮食不安全 (FI) 是美国日益严重的公共卫生问题,与不良健康结果有关.
  • 补充营养援助计划 (SNAP) 是一个关键的联邦计划,旨在减轻FI.
  • 国家层面的SNAP政策变化,特别是关于资格和行政负担的变化,可能会影响计划参与,从而影响FI率.

研究的目的:

  • 调查美国州级SNAP政策变化与县级FI率之间的关联.
  • 量化SNAP政策采用对粮食不安全水平的影响.

主要方法:

  • 一个重复的横截面研究设计,利用县级FI数据 (Feeding America Map the Meal Gap),州SNAP政策数据 (USDA) 和美国人口普查局2009年至2019年的人口统计数据.
  • 制定SNAP政策采用的年度指数 (0.1-10) 来表示国家政策的慷慨.
  • 应用G计算,一种因果推理方法,以评估SNAP政策指数,SNAP参与率和县FI率之间的关系,控制相关的共变量和固定效应.

主要成果:

  • 在SNAP政策指数上升1个百分点与州SNAP参与率上升0.7个百分点和县FI率下降0.1个百分点有关 (P < .05).
  • 对3134个美国县的分析表明,支持性SNAP政策和FI之间存在显著的反向关系.
  • 2019年,在最慷慨的国家政策情景下,与最不慷慨的情况相比,估计有650万人少体验FI.

结论:

  • 通过加强参与的州SNAP政策,与减少县级粮食不安全有关.
  • 旨在降低SNAP访问障碍的政策显示出作为减轻FI利率上升的战略潜力.
  • 调查结果强调了国家层面的政策干预在应对国家粮食不安全挑战方面的重要性.