[2025年泌尿癌的免疫疗法]
Anikó Maráz1, Klára Koroncziová1, Tímea Rozsvai1
1Szent-Györgyi Albert Klinikai Központ, Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Onkoterápiás Klinika, Szeged, Hungary. dr.aniko.maraz@gmail.com.
Magyar onkologia
|December 12, 2025
概括
免疫疗法现在是尿路细胞癌和细胞癌的标准,新的组合显示出希望. 对于前列腺癌和丸癌,免疫疗法仍处于实验阶段,但随着新策略的发展.
科学领域:
- 泌尿器科 泌尿器科 泌尿器科 泌尿器科
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 免疫疗法 (IO) 已经彻底改变了癌症治疗.
- 它在尿道癌症中的应用正在迅速发展.
- 最近的进展集中在组合策略和指导方针更新上.
研究的目的:
- 审查针对尿路细胞癌 (UC),细胞癌 (RCC),前列腺癌 (PCa) 和丸生殖细胞瘤 (TGCT) 的免疫疗法的发展.
- 突出最新的研究,组合策略和2025年指南建议.
- 评估免疫疗法在泌尿病恶性瘤中的当前和未来作用.
主要方法:
- 在2024-2025年发表的随机II-III期研究的综合性综述.
- 对国际治疗指南的分析.
- 评估免疫治疗中的生物标志物引导方法.
主要成果:
- 在UC中,enfortumab vedotin加上 pembrolizumab是新的一线标准;维护和辅助IO得到加强.
- 在RCC中,IO-TKI和IO-IO组合提供了生存益处,但顺序IO-after-IO是有问题的.
- 在PCa中,IO疗效主要在MSI-H/dMMR亚组中. 在TGCT中,西斯仍然是标准,IO正在调查中.
结论:
- 到2025年,免疫疗法是UC和RCC在转移和治愈环境中的治疗基础.
- 对于PCa和TGCT,免疫疗法选择在很大程度上是实验性的,但在新的组合和生物标志物方面取得了进展.
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