在高结核负担环境中的家庭接触者之间进行结核系统查期间的艾滋病毒检测:系统审查和元分析
Peter Scott1, Maysa Elsayedkarar2, Edson Marambire3
1Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
The Lancet. Global health
|December 12, 2025
概括
在结核病家庭接触者中,艾滋病毒检测覆盖率相当,为72.9%,但阳性率高,为5.9%. 需要进一步的研究,以优化结核病查计划中的艾滋病毒检测.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 全球健康 全球健康
背景情况:
- 结核病 (TB) 的家庭接触者面临人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 的风险增加.
- 系统的结核病查提供了一个关键的机会,以确定接触者之间的艾滋病毒状况.
- 了解这一群体的艾滋病毒检测吸收率和产量对于综合护理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和对结核家庭接触者中艾滋病毒检测的覆盖率和阳性进行元分析.
- 确定影响艾滋病毒检测在这个高风险群体的吸收和产量的因素.
主要方法:
- 从2000年到2025年的定量研究进行系统审查和元分析,搜索多个数据库.
- 纳入标准集中在没有已知艾滋病毒的结核病患者的家庭接触者,并提供艾滋病毒检测.
- 使用随机效应元分析计算了艾滋病毒检测覆盖率和阳性度的聚合比例;定性研究被叙述地总结.
主要成果:
- 17项定量研究 (40,407名参与者) 被纳入初级分析.
- 在符合条件的家庭接触者中,汇集的艾滋病毒检测覆盖率为72.9% (95%CI 60.3-83.9).
- 综合艾滋病毒检测阳性率总体为5.9%,在全国成人艾滋病毒流行率≥10%的国家为9.7%.
结论:
- 在结核病家庭接触者中,艾滋病毒检测的覆盖率是合理的,但高度可变.
- 艾滋病毒检测的阳性值很大,特别是在艾滋病毒流行率高的环境中.
- 进一步的研究对于优化结核病-艾滋病毒综合查的可接受性和可行性至关重要,计划应监测实施情况.
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