在澳大利亚殖民时代的黄金开采中遗留的排放和释放
Larissa Schneider1, Fei Cao2, Peter Davies3
1Department of Archaeology and Natural History. School of Culture, History and Language, The Australian National University, Coombs Bld. 9, Fellows Rd, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
|December 12, 2025
概括
澳大利亚传统的金矿开采造成了大量的污染. 树化学分析和环境采样证实了19世纪的采矿是具有持久生态影响的主要来源.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 地质化学 地质化学
- 历史生态学 历史生态学
背景情况:
- 19世纪澳大利亚的金矿开采早于环境法规,导致大量的 (Hg) 污染.
- 历史记录表明,在1867-1889年间,维多利亚州沃尔哈拉的合并过程中,Hg损失显著.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用树突化学分析,建立维多利亚州殖民时代Hg排放的时间记录.
- 测量历史矿山附近的土壤,沉积物和水体中的污染.
- 调查总Hg,甲基 (MeHg) 和环境因素之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 对异国 gymnosperms (不丹树和道格拉斯树) 进行 dendrochemical 分析,以重建Hg沉积历史.
- 在历史黄金加工场所和斯特林格斯溪附近采集土壤和沉积物样本.
- 在环境样本中分析总Hg和甲基 (MeHg) 度.
- 对Hg与有机物质等环境参数的关系进行统计分析.
主要成果:
- 在采矿高峰时期 (1885-1914) 在不丹松树 (44 ± 17 ng g−1) 和道格拉斯树 (29 ± 9 ng g−1) 中检测到高水平.
- 土壤Hg度比背景水平高2.5个数量级 (41 ± 34 mg kg-1).
- 斯特林格斯溪沉积物超过澳大利亚指南的22倍,一些布沉积物在MeHg含量方面排名全球.
- 非线性MeHg-总Hg关系表明在高Hg负荷下甲基化效率降低.
结论:
- 19世纪的金矿开采被证实是澳大利亚污染的主要历史来源.
- 该研究确立了历史采矿排放,树脂化学和当前环境污染之间的明确联系.
- 这些发现突显了传统采矿的持久生态影响,对国家管理战略至关重要.
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