饮食模式与系统和器官特定水平的异质生物衰老之间的关系以及死亡风险
Xinming Xu1, Yucan Li2, Yunxin Wang1
1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
NPJ science of food
|December 12, 2025
概括
饮食模式影响生物衰老和死亡风险. 更健康的饮食,富含水果,蔬菜和瘦蛋白质,与缓慢的生物衰老和降低死亡率有关,仅仅优于一般饮食得分.
科学领域:
- 营养流行病学 营养流行病学
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 生物统计学 生物统计学
背景情况:
- 生物衰老可以通过表型和表观遗传测量来估计.
- 饮食模式与健康结果和死亡率有关.
- 现有的饮食分数可能无法完全捕捉饮食与衰老关系的细微差别.
研究的目的:
- 利用国家健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES) 的数据开发和验证与衰老相关的饮食评分.
- 调查这些新型饮食得分与生物衰老加速之间的关联.
- 为了比较与衰老相关的饮食得分与传统饮食得分对死亡风险的预测能力.
主要方法:
- 使用NHANES数据计算了表型年龄 (PhenoAge,器官特定年龄) 和表观遗传年龄 (GrimAge2,DunedinPoAm).
- 分析了五个既定的饮食得分和五个衍生出来的与衰老相关的饮食得分.
- 使用加权线性和考克斯回归模型来评估与生物年龄和死亡率的关联.
主要成果:
- 在既定饮食得分和生物年龄加速之间发现了显著的关联.
- 使用降低等级回归推导的与衰老相关的饮食分数确定了关键的食物预测因素,如蔬菜,水果,高质量的蛋白质以及减少糖和加工肉类的摄入量.
- 与传统饮食分数相比,与衰老相关的饮食分数与死亡风险的相关性更强.
结论:
- 新的与衰老相关的饮食分数提供了对饮食对衰老的影响更细致的了解.
- 强调全食和限制加工食品的饮食模式对于健康的衰老和长寿至关重要.
- 这些发现支持制定有针对性的饮食建议,以减轻与年龄有关的疾病和死亡率.
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