开发和评估一种多模型堆叠方法,用于使用监督机器学习对成年人虫风险的评估
Mohd Hidir Mohd Atni1, Nik Mohd Mazuan Nik Mohd Rosdy2, Mohd Azrul Amir Muhamad Tajudin3
1Centre of Population Oral Health and Clinical Prevention Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Malaysia; Oral Health Programme, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia.
British dental journal
|December 13, 2025
概括
机器学习模型准确地预测成人牙损伤风险,减少对临床判断的依赖. 先进的技术,如堆叠组合实现超过95%的准确性,改善牙科护理策略.
科学领域:
- 计算机牙科是指计算机牙科.
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 在公共卫生领域的预测分析.
背景情况:
- 牙损是一种常见的慢性疾病,需要有效的管理来预防并发症并降低医疗保健成本.
- 目前的虫风险评估方法严重依赖临床医生的专业知识,这给可扩展性和标准化带来了挑战.
- 机器学习 (ML) 为开发高效和标准化的虫风险评估工具提供了一个有希望的途径.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估利用机器学习的计算模型,用于预测成人牙损伤风险.
- 为了比较各种ML算法在分类脏病风险水平方面的性能.
- 确定最有效的ML方法,将其整合到临床牙科工作流程中.
主要方法:
- 一项系统性审查确定了七个关键预测因素,用于虫风险评估.
- 利用来自3000名MARA患者记录的数据,在低,中等和高虫风险类别中进行了平衡.
- 七个ML算法 (决策树,XGBoost,k-NN,后勤回归,MLP,随机森林,SVM) 使用K折交叉验证和堆叠集体进行了实现和优化.
主要成果:
- 一个由两种模型组成的堆叠组合实现了最高的精度 (95.17%) 和ROC-AUC (99.78%).
- 采用三种模型的堆叠方法,表现出强的性能,准确率为93.63%,特异性为96.82%.
- 在单个模型中,随机森林 (90.47%准确率) 和极端梯度提升 (90.20%准确率) 显示出强大的分类能力.
结论:
- 多模型ML方法为牙损伤风险评估提供高度准确和可靠的预测.
- 这些计算方法可以减少对主观临床判断的依赖,促进标准化风险评估.
- 将ML整合到临床工作流程中可以显著提高牙科预防策略和患者护理结果.
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