类似胰岛素的在Drosophila的依赖营养的可塑性中起着独特的作用
Michelle A Henstridge1, Bowen Slater1, Jade R Kannangara1
1School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
G3 (Bethesda, Md.)
|December 13, 2025
概括
饮食中的蛋白质含量显著影响果的发育. 聚焦蛋白质减少的宏观营养素限制,比一般的热量限制造成更大的发育延迟,揭示了胰岛素类在营养可塑性中的独特作用.
科学领域:
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
背景情况:
- 胰岛素信号通路对于生长和发育至关重要,在超生态动物中保存.
- 果 (Drosophila melanogaster) 拥有七种调节生长的类似胰岛素的 (DILPs),但个体的作用尚不清楚.
- 饮食中宏观营养素的比例,而不仅仅是热量含量,影响生命史的特征.
研究的目的:
- 在不同的饮食条件下,研究个体DILP在生长和发育中的特定作用.
- 了解不同宏观营养素组成如何影响DILP表达和下游表型.
- 阐明Drosophila的营养可塑性背后的分子机制.
主要方法:
- 幼虫养实验比较了宏观营养素限制 (蛋白质减少,碳水化合物补偿) 与热量限制 (总体减少).
- 在不同的饮食模式下对多索菲拉类胰岛素样2,3,和5的差异基因表达的分析.
- 在测试的饮食条件下对个别DILP突变体的表型分析.
主要成果:
- 宏观营养素的限制导致了比热量限制更显著的发育延迟.
- 特定的DILP (DILP2,DILP3,DILP5) 在对不同饮食的反应中显示出改变的表达水平.
- 根据饮食中的宏观营养素组成,DILP突变体表现出不同的发育反应.
结论:
- 个别的DILP在调节生长和发育方面发挥着不同的作用,以应对饮食中巨量营养素的变化.
- 果的胰岛素样是营养可塑性的关键媒介.
- 研究结果提供了关于饮食成分如何影响动物发育的分子基础的见解.
相关概念视频
Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways
2.6K
Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
2.6K
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion
2.1K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
Insulin and C-peptide are...
2.1K
Insulin Secretory Vesicles
6.3K
Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
6.3K
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists
818
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
818
Regulation of Food Intake
2.2K
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
2.2K
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose
6.3K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
6.3K


