回到未来:从青少年大脑的认知发展研究中,将早期的精神病症状与风险青少年的跨诊断性认知功能联系起来
C J Wang1, D Raucher-Chéné2, K M Lavigne2
1Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Journal of psychiatric research
|December 13, 2025
概括
患有精神疾病风险的儿童早期表现出认知缺陷和精神症状. 这些发现表明,在临床诊断之前,认知功能和精神症状之间存在联系,这有助于早期干预.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 认知障碍是精神疾病的核心,并且可以在症状出现之前出现.
- 患有严重精神疾病家族史的儿童面临更高的风险.
- 早期识别风险因素对于干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 探索认知功能与风险青年早期精神病症状之间的关联.
- 研究9-10岁儿童的认知表现和精神症状,这些儿童处于危险状态.
- 在高风险儿童中识别潜在的精神疾病早期标志物.
主要方法:
- 924名处于危险状态的年轻人与924名来自青少年大脑认知发展 (ABCD) 研究的匹配对照进行了比较.
- 认知领域的评估,包括情节性记忆,执行功能和工作记忆.
- 评估子综合征精神症状,如情绪功能障碍,精神病和外部化行为.
主要成果:
- 与对照人群相比,风险青少年在情节性记忆,执行功能和工作记忆方面表现较差.
- 处于危险的年轻人表现出更高的精神症状,包括情绪功能障碍,精神病和外部化症状.
- 一种模式出现了,该模式将高危年轻人的精神症状与认知能力降低联系在一起,特别是在记忆和语言能力方面.
结论:
- 认知功能障碍和精神症状之间的联系在临床显著损伤之前存在于处于危险的年轻人中.
- 这些发现表明,认知和精神症状在风险人群的早期发育中是相互联系的.
- 这些关联的早期识别可以为面临精神疾病风险的年轻人提供预测,预防和干预策略.
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