长期暴露于空气污染和中国中老年人和老年人的认知障碍风险
Shengqiang Xie1, Shichao Su1, Wenxuan Li1
1Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, the First Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.
Neurotoxicology
|December 13, 2025
概括
长期暴露于PM10和NO2等空气污染物显著增加了中国成年人的认知障碍风险. 弱势群体,包括受教育程度较低的群体和农村居民,面临着严重的风险,这凸显了有针对性的污染控制的必要性.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 认知障碍是一个日益严重的公共卫生问题,特别是在老年人群中.
- 空气污染暴露越来越多地与不良健康结果有关,包括神经效应.
- 了解各种空气污染物对认知衰退的具体影响,对于公共卫生干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 量化长期暴露于多种空气污染物和认知障碍风险之间的纵向关联.
- 确定特定的污染物和受中国空气污染影响最严重的脆弱子组.
- 为减轻与空气污染相关的认知衰退提供有针对性的策略.
主要方法:
- 一项前性队列研究,利用了中国健康与退休长度研究 (2011-2020) 中10584名参与者的数据.
- 使用基于卫星的模型,对PM1,PM2.5,PM10,NO2和O3进行高分辨率 (1公里) 的年度暴露评估.
- 通过教育分层的中国迷你精神状态检查和使用时间变化的考克斯比例危险模型的分析来评估认知障碍.
主要成果:
- 对于PM1,PM2.5,PM10和NO2发现了显著的剂量反应关系,增加了认知障碍风险.
- PM10 (HR=1.038) 和NO2 (HR=1.129) 显示出强大的关联,PM10在多污染物模型中表现出特别的弹性.
- 在特定的子群体中观察到较高的风险:低教育程度 (<初中),农村居民,60-69岁的老年人和没有保险的个人.
结论:
- 长期暴露于PM10和NO2对中国中老年人和老年人的认知障碍构成重大风险.
- 没有确定安全暴露值,强调需要严格的空气质量标准.
- 优先考虑PM10控制和与交通有关的污染物减轻,加上针对弱势群体的有针对性的干预措施,对于减少痴呆症负担至关重要.
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