导出繁殖目标和预期的选择反应,以减少彩虹鱼养殖对环境的影响
Simon Pouil1, Joël Aubin2, Florence Phocas3
1Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France. simon.pouil@inrae.fr.
Genetics, selection, evolution : GSE
|December 13, 2025
概括
繁殖计划可以通过纳入环境价值来减少彩虹养殖对环境的影响. 然而,需要谨慎的策略,以避免对鱼类生存率产生负面影响.
科学领域:
- 水产养殖是水产养殖的一种方式.
- 动物育种 动物育种
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 对粮食生产可持续性的日益关注,需要将环境考虑纳入养殖物种繁殖计划.
- 这项研究重点关注法国的彩虹鱼水产养殖,它是鱼养殖中的关键物种.
- 环境优点指数是为了评估热增长系数 (TGC),每日料摄入量 (DFI) 和生存率 (SR) 等特征的影响而开发的.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较预期的选择反应的繁殖计划,旨在最大限度地减少彩虹鱼生产的环境影响.
- 在一个假想的法国彩虹鱼养殖场使用环境优点指数来评估基因改进的后果.
- 调查九个环境影响类别:气候变化,酸化,温化,生态毒理学,土地利用,水资源依赖性和累积能源需求.
主要方法:
- 进行了摇篮到农场门生命周期评估 (LCA),以量化TGC,DFI和SR的环境值.
- 这些环境价值被用作旨在最大限度地减少整体环境影响的育种目标中的权重.
- 在不同的环境影响类别中评估了选择准确性.
主要成果:
- 选择准确度从0.34到0.43不等,对缩和降低陆地生态毒性目标的准确度最高.
- 显著的年度遗传收益在降低缩潜力和陆地生态毒性方面得到了实现.
- 料转换率的改善很大 (1.7-4.8%),但生存率 (SR) 没有改善,并且经常下降.
结论:
- 繁殖目标中的环境价值有效地减少了农场一级的环境影响,同时提高了料效率.
- 选择效率在很大程度上取决于目标的特定环境影响类别.
- 建议采用替代选择策略,以防止对生存 (SR) 的不良影响.
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