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动物园老虎,狮子和的SARS-CoV-2宿主群体扩张,多样化和适应

Laura Bashor¹, Emily N Gallichotte¹, Michelle Galvan¹

¹Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.

Nature communications

|December 13, 2025

概括

严重急性呼吸系统综合征-冠状病毒-2 (SARS-CoV-2) 在狮子,老虎和身上迅速适应. 这项研究确定了特定物种的突变,突出了动物宿主转移后的加速进化.

科学领域:

病毒学病毒学
进化生物学进化生物学
动物医学是动物医学.

背景情况:

严重急性呼吸系统综合征-冠状病毒-2 (SARS-CoV-2) 可以在物种之间传播,导致宿主内部独特的变异.
已经记录了SARS-CoV-2从动物传播到人类的反向动物传播,这构成了公共卫生风险.
了解新型动物宿主中的病毒适应对于管理动物传播疾病爆发至关重要.

研究的目的:

在阿穆尔老虎,非洲狮子和斑点的爆发期间调查SARS-CoV-2的进化和宿主特异性适应.
为了确定这些非化物种内选择的基因组特征和潜在的适应性突变.
评估与人类密切接触的动物中SARS-CoV-2演变的风险.

主要方法:

从16只感染动物的纵向样本中对SARS-CoV-2的全基因组测序.
对宿主病毒变异和基因组选择特征的分析.
在病毒基因中识别候选物种特定的适应性突变.

主要成果:

疫情可能是由罕见的三角洲亚系的一次溢出事件引发的.
SARS-CoV-2 种群在宿主中迅速多样化,显示了净化和积极选择的迹象.
在和核囊体 (N) 基因中,在所有物种中都观察到强烈的阳性选择.
确定了四种候选物种特定的适应突变:N A254V (狮子,) 和ORF1a E1724D,尖峰T274I,N P326L ().

结论:

在宿主转移到新的动物物种之后,SARS-CoV-2经历了加速适应.
鉴定到的突变可能会给病毒带来特定物种的优势.
人类与易感动物物种之间的密切接触促进了病毒的进化,并为未来的溢出事件带来了潜在的风险.

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