与人类共存:小而孤立的熊群体中的基因组和行为后果
Giulia Fabbri1, Roberto Biello1, Maëva Gabrielli1,2
1Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Molecular biology and evolution
|December 15, 2025
概括
人类诱导的选择塑造了阿佩宁棕熊 (Ursus arctos marsicanus) 的基因组,促进了与人共存的行为变化. 这个小,孤立的群体表现出与减少侵略性相关的独特适应性.
科学领域:
- 进化遗传学的进化遗传学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 野生动物生态学野生动物生态学
背景情况:
- 气候和土地利用的变化增加了人与野生动物的互动.
- 野生动物的行为适应性被认为是表型可塑性或由人类选择驱动的.
- 小,孤立的种群面临强大的遗传漂移,复杂的适应研究.
研究的目的:
- 在阿佩宁棕熊种群 (Ursus arctos marsicanus) 中调查基因组多样性和适应信号.
- 为了确定这个群体的行为变化是由于表型可塑性或人为诱导的选择.
- 将基因组数据与中欧和北美棕熊种群进行比较.
主要方法:
- 全基因组再测序数据分析.
- 亚佩宁,中欧和北美棕熊之间的基因组多样性的比较.
- 选择性特征和遗传变异的识别,包括非编码变异.
主要成果:
- 与其他种群相比,阿佩宁棕熊的基因组多样性减少,近亲繁殖率高,遗传负载增加.
- 鉴定出了独特的基因组模式和选择性特征,特别是在与减少侵略性相关的基因中 (例如,DCC,SLC13A5).
- 非编码变异,包括影响剪接因子结合点的变异,有助于表型适应.
结论:
- 人类诱导的选择促进了行为变化,如减少侵略性,在小的,孤立的阿佩宁棕熊种群中.
- 这些适应促进了与人类的共存,并有助于物种的长期持久性.
- 非编码遗传变异在塑造复杂的表型和适应性进化方面发挥着重要作用.
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