区域大脑年龄偏差揭示了年轻人不同的发育途径
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|December 15, 2025
概括
大脑年龄差距 (BAG) 分析显示ADHD的成熟延迟,并确定皮下BAG作为跨诊断标记. 加速成熟与高认知和内化行为有关,为发展轨迹提供了洞察力.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 规范模型量化了大脑发育中的偏差.
- 大脑年龄差距 (BAG) 衡量个体神经发育偏差.
- 之前的研究还没有探索BAG对青少年在精神疾病中的认知和行为轨迹的预测能力.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究精神疾病中的大脑年龄差距 (BAG) 模式.
- 为了确定BAG是否可以预测青少年的认知和行为轨迹.
- 建立一个规范框架来识别异常神经发育.
主要方法:
- 利用了青少年大脑认知发展研究 (n=9,074,年龄9-15岁) 的纵向数据.
- 使用MRI数据 (体积,厚度,表面积) 开发了8个特定区域的大脑年龄模型.
- 采用多变量回归和联合潜伏类混合模型来分析与BAG相关的精神病诊断,认知/行为概况和发展轨迹.
主要成果:
- 患有ADHD的儿童在多个大脑区域表现出延迟成熟 (科恩d: -0.12到-0.08).
- 皮下BAG作为延迟发育的跨诊断指标 (d: -0.07,p_fdr = 0.024).
- 加快成熟与高认知和低症状概况相关,而延迟成熟与低认知有关;广泛的加快成熟预测了内化行为,并防止了外化行为.
结论:
- 将BAG与连续的认知和行为数据集成,为早期识别非典型发育轨迹提供了一个框架.
- 这种方法有可能在儿童精神病学中推进个性化医疗.
- 这些发现强调了BAG作为理解神经发育变异的规范性指标的有用性.
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