养老院的空调和极端高温期间的死亡率
Gabrielle M Katz1, Kevin A Brown2,3, Vasily Giannakeas3,4
1Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
JAMA internal medicine
|December 15, 2025
概括
养老院的空调显著降低了老年人在极端高温期间的死亡风险. 没有空调的设施在炎热的日子里死亡率更高,这凸显了弱势群体冷却的重要性.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 极端高温对健康构成重大风险,特别是对老年人来说,增加了与高温相关的死亡率.
- 许多养老院缺乏充足的空调 (AC),这是热浪期间居民安全的关键因素.
- 之前关于AC保护作用的研究主要集中在监狱和城市地区,因此养老院没有得到充分的研究.
研究的目的:
- 评估空调在极端炎热的日子里对养老院居民死亡率的影响.
- 为了在高温期间比较有空调的养老院与没有空调的养老院的死亡风险.
- 提供支持在老年护理机构实施AC的证据.
主要方法:
- 从2010年到2023年,在加拿大安大略省采用了一个案例交叉研究设计.
- 条件后勤回归被用来分析与在有或没有AC的养老院中极端炎热的日子相关的死亡率.
- 极端炎热的日子被定义为处于或高于养老院位置的热量指数的第90百分位或以上.
主要成果:
- 没有空调的养老院在极端炎热的日子 (13.8%) 的死亡比例高于有空调 (12.1%).
- 在没有AC的设施中,极端高温与显著增加的死亡率有关 (OR,1.11;95% CI,1.06-1.16),但在有AC的设施中没有 (OR,1.03;95% CI,0.98-1.07).
- 没有AC的设施在极端炎热的日子里显示出较高的相对死亡率 (相对OR,1.08;95% CI,1.01-1.15) ,影响持续长达3天.
结论:
- 与没有空调的设施相比,在极端炎热的日子里,有空调的养老院的死亡率明显较低.
- 这些发现强调了空调在预防集中护理机构中老年人因高温死亡的关键作用.
- 在养老院和类似设施中实施空调是保护脆弱人群在日益频繁的高温事件中至关重要的战略.
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