游戏时思考:探索认知负载和足球训练中的传递精度
Pedro Henrique de Almeida Oliveira1, Sarah da Glória Teles Bredt1, Guilherme de Oliveira Santos Silva1
1Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
Research quarterly for exercise and sport
|December 15, 2025
概括
在年轻的足球运动员中,高认知负载会影响决策能力. 然而,适度的认知挑战,比如数到两项,不会对表现产生负面影响,建议在训练中使用它们.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 运动学习是指运动学习.
背景情况:
- 对于年轻的足球运动员来说,有效的传球决策至关重要.
- 认知负载,即处理信息时所需的精神努力,可以影响运动技能的执行.
- 了解认知负载如何影响足球决策对于优化训练策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查操纵认知负载对U-14足球运动员传球决策表现的影响.
- 为了确定影响决策准确性的认知负载的门.
- 评估双重任务培训的潜力,以提高足球特定的认知技能.
主要方法:
- 二十四名U-14足球运动员完成了四个条件:控制和三个小边游戏,增加了认知负载 (双重任务).
- 通过要求玩家计算传球而记住越来越多的信息来操纵认知负载.
- 通过决策准确度是用通过决策指数来衡量的,通过计数错误率作为操纵检查.
主要成果:
- 发现时间和条件之间存在显著的相互作用 (p = .007).
- 与对照组相比,在高认知负载条件 (T3) 中,通过决策的准确性下降了15%.
- 在对照条件和较低认知负载条件 (T1,T2) 之间没有观察到显著的性能差异.
结论:
- 高认知负载显著损害了年轻足球运动员的决策表现.
- 引入多达两项额外的认知任务不会阻碍表现,这表明它在训练中的有用性.
- 这些发现支持使用适度的双重任务作为培训策略,以提高足球运动员发展的认知运动技能.
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