在10GHz和30GHz局部曝光下,在人脸解剖模型中计算的上皮质/吸收功率密度和温度升高的相互比较

The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...