6-17岁儿童的COVID-19mRNA疫苗的有效性和安全性:马德里的一项基于人口的研究
Miguel A Hernán1, Alejandro Álvaro-Meca2,3, María J Calvo-Alcántara4
1From the CAUSALab, Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
The Pediatric infectious disease journal
|December 16, 2025
概括
在6至17岁的儿童中,COVID-19 mRNA疫苗的风险和益处很小. 该研究发现对住院和炎症综合征的影响很小,在较小的儿童中没有心肌炎病例.
科学领域:
- 儿童传染病 儿童传染病
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 2019年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 儿童mRNA疫苗接种的益处风险概况需要进一步澄清.
- 评估对住院治疗,心肌炎和儿童多系统炎症综合征 (MIS-C) 的影响对于儿科患者来说至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估mRNA疫苗对COVID-19住院治疗,心肌炎/心周炎和6-17岁儿童的MIS-C的影响.
- 量化COVID-19疫苗接种在不同儿科年龄组的有效性和安全性.
主要方法:
- 一项回顾性队列研究,使用西班牙马德里链接的卫生系统注册表.
- 与183,273名接种疫苗的儿童 (6-11岁) 和277,561名接种疫苗的儿童 (12-17岁) 与未接种疫苗的对照进行了匹配.
- 对抗不良事件和COVID-19住院住院的240天风险进行了比较,使用启动用于置信区间.
主要成果:
- 在6至11岁的儿童中,针对COVID-19住院的疫苗有效率为9.0% (95%CI:-36至49),对于MIS-C则为27.0% (-54至76). 没有观察到心肌炎/心膜炎病例.
- 在12-17岁的儿童中,抗COVID-19住院治疗的有效率为45% (18-72),而对于MIS-C则为42% (-31至83). 心肌炎/心周炎的风险比为1.09 (0.60-1.70).
- 在两个年龄组中,COVID-19住院和MIS-C的风险差异很小.
结论:
- 与COVID-19 mRNA疫苗相关的风险和益处在6至17岁的一般儿科人口中是最小的.
- 该研究表明,儿童接种COVID-19疫苗的安全性概况普遍有利,对关键健康结果的影响有限.
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