使用人工智能对医院急诊室需求进行预测建模:系统性审查
Jorge Blanco1, Marina Ferreras2, Oscar Cosido3
1Department of Computer Science, University of Oviedo, Campus de Viesques, Gijon 33007, Spain; UPintelligence SL, Colegio Santo Domingo de Guzmán, Oviedo 33011, Spain.
International journal of medical informatics
|December 16, 2025
概括
人工智能模型显示出预测急诊室患者到达的前景,优于传统方法. 然而,有限的外部验证和解释性阻碍了广泛的临床使用.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健分析 医疗保健分析
- 预测建模预测建模
- 紧急医疗 紧急医疗
背景情况:
- 准确的急诊室 (ED) 患者到达预测对于医院运营和患者护理至关重要.
- 人工智能 (AI),包括机器学习 (ML) 和深度学习 (DL),与传统方法相比,提供了先进的预测能力.
- 这些人工智能模型在现实世界ED环境中的验证和通用性需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查医院ED需求预测的预测模型.
- 分析算法,变量,验证策略和局限性,考虑流行病前后的发展.
- 评估人工智能在ED需求预测中的当前状态和未来方向.
主要方法:
- 按照PRISMA指南进行了一次系统文献审查 (SLR).
- 搜索了五个主要数据库 (PubMed,IEEE,Springer,ScienceDirect,ACM) 在2019年1月至2025年7月期间发表的相关研究.
- 包括专注于ED访问预测算法的研究,不包括COVID-19特定研究,以及对模型,特征,评估和验证的提取数据.
主要成果:
- 十一项研究符合纳入标准,显示ML和DL模型优于ARIMA等传统时间序列方法.
- 纳入外部变量 (天气,空气质量,日历事件) 显著提高了预测准确度.
- 有限的外部验证和对可解释AI (如SHAP) 的最小使用被确定为关键限制.
结论:
- 人工智能模型,特别是那些整合时间和环境数据的模型,对于ED需求预测具有重大潜力.
- 临床采用障碍包括缺乏外部验证和缺乏模型可解释性.
- 未来的研究应该专注于多中心验证,标准化评估和可解释的AI,以实现可靠和透明的ED预测.
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