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相关概念视频

Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model01:18

Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model

11.9K
According to the molecular orbital (MO) model, benzene has a planar structure with a regular hexagon of six sp2 hybridized carbons. As shown in Figure 1, each carbon is bonded to three other atoms with C–C–C and H–C–C bond angles of 120°. The C–H bond length is 109 pm, and the C–C bond length is 139 pm which is midway between the single bond length of sp3 hybridized carbons (154 pm) and sp2 hybridized carbons (133 pm).
11.9K
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:34

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

10.8K
Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling...
10.8K
Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

2.2K
The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
2.2K
π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Aromatic and Antiaromatic Compounds01:14

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Aromatic and Antiaromatic Compounds

1.8K
In aromatic compounds, such as benzene, the circulation of (4n + 2) π-electrons sets up a diamagnetic or diatropic ring current around the perimeter of the molecule. This current induces a magnetic field that opposes the external field inside the ring and reinforces it on the outside. The protons in benzene are deshielded and exhibit high chemical shifts in the range 6.5–8.5 ppm. The shielding effect at the center of the ring is evident in complex aromatic molecules, such as...
1.8K
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

3.6K
Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group...
3.6K
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene01:22

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene

7.7K
Sulfonation of benzene is a reaction wherein benzene is treated with fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce benzenesulfonic acid. Fuming sulfuric acid is a mixture of sulfur trioxide and concentrated sulfuric acid.
7.7K

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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

[DPEPhosbcpCu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
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[DPEPhosbcpCu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

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通过光离子化二烯的圆交叉捕获连贯的伪旋转.

Zejin Liu1, Ming Zhang2,3, Tianyu Zhou4

  • 1Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Nature communications
|December 16, 2025
PubMed
概括

我们观察到光电化的长期振荡,揭示了离子的伪旋转. 这种运动源于振动态之间的量子动,为分子动力学提供了洞察力.

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Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
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Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

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科学领域:

  • 物理化学 物理化学
  • 分子动力学分子动力学
  • 量子力学就是量子力学.

背景情况:

  • 振动性合和连贯性是光激发分子中充电和能量转移的基础.
  • 了解合电子核动力学是控制分子过程的关键.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究光离子化的合电子核动力学.
  • 为了描述观察到的离子产量的长期振荡的起源.

主要方法:

  • 时间分辨率库伦爆炸成像技术.
  • 量子动力学模拟.量子动力学模拟.
  • 对离子产量和动量分布的分析.

主要成果:

  • 对酸的离子产量的~600 fs振荡的实验观测.
  • 量子模拟将振荡归因于酸的伪旋转.
  • 通过Jahn-Teller效应识别连贯的振动状态之间的量子击打.

结论:

  • 该研究提供了酸中连贯的振动动态的综合性特征.
  • 伪旋转是通过对库伦爆炸碎片的时间分辨率动量成像来可视化.
  • 时间分辨率库伦爆炸成像是一种强大的工具,用于研究芳香分子中的合电子核运动.