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基因治疗和基因组编辑中的纳米材料:挑战和新兴方向
Mingyang Jiang1,2,3, Ke Zhang1, Zheng Wang4
1Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
Journal of nanobiotechnology
|December 16, 2025
概括
纳米材料对基因编辑传递具有前景,但由于不可预测的行为和安全问题,在临床转化方面面临挑战. 优化纳米载体设计和理解纳米生物相互作用是未来治疗应用的关键.
科学领域:
- 生物技术是生物技术.
- 纳米医学是一种纳米医学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 纳米材料对于推进基因和基因组编辑技术至关重要,特别是用于提供核酸和CRISPR/Cas系统.
- 基于纳米材料的基因编辑的临床翻译受到挑战的阻碍,包括非目标效应,免疫性和可变生物分布.
研究的目的:
- 审查基因和基因组编辑中纳米材料应用的现状和挑战.
- 突出需要在纳米载体设计中平衡效率和安全,以获得治疗疗效.
- 讨论纳米材料支持基因组工程的未来方向.
主要方法:
- 审查纳米载体设计的最新进展,重点关注基于脂质的,聚合物和外体体启发的系统.
- 分析影响纳米载体性能的物理化学性质,如电荷,表面化学和降解动力学.
- 讨论包括内体逃生,标特异性,可重复性,制造,生物相容性和监管方面的挑战.
主要成果:
- 电离性脂质纳米颗粒通过定制性质显示出增强内体逃脱和特异性的潜力,但制造仍然是一个障碍.
- 聚合物和外体灵感纳米载体提供模块化,但需要进一步研究长期安全性和监管批准.
- 纳米材料在体内不可预测的行为需要对纳米生物相互作用有更深入的了解.
结论:
- 优化纳米载体设计对于安全有效的基因和基因组编辑疗法至关重要.
- 未来的进展依赖于纳米生物相互作用的预测模型,伦理考虑和标准化的评估框架.
- 缩小纳米设计和治疗结果之间的差距对于临床转化至关重要.
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