街景衍生的城市建筑环境和对极端温度的脆弱性:全国代表性的基于人口的队列研究
Wanzhou Wang1,2,3,4, Chao Yang3,5,6,4, Ze Liang7
1Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
BMC medicine
|December 16, 2025
概括
城市建筑环境对极端温度的脆弱性产生重大影响. 特定的街景功能,如天空景观因素和接口封闭,在热浪和寒冷期间改变死亡风险,为气候适应性提供城市规划信息.
科学领域:
- 环境流行病学环境流行病学
- 城市规划是城市规划.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 城市建筑环境显著影响着人口对极端温度的脆弱性.
- 现有的基于人口的证据证明这种关系是有限的.
研究的目的:
- 调查街景衍生的建筑环境特征如何改变城市居民极端温度和全因死亡率之间的关联.
- 为适应性城市规划和公共卫生战略提供证据.
主要方法:
- 在全国代表性队列研究中利用了21,494名城市居民的数据.
- 使用特定住所地址值 (≥3天) 定义的极端温度.
- 使用语义细分 (DeepLabV3 Plus-ResNet101) 分析了街景图像 (半径500米),并应用了Cox比例危险和相互作用模型.
主要成果:
- 热浪和寒流持续的每一天每年都会使所有死因的死亡风险分别增加6%和4%.
- 较低的天空视角因子 (SVF) 和开放性,以及较高的灰色,建筑覆盖面和接口封闭 (IE) 与死亡率的增加有关.
- 建筑环境因素,特别是IE,SVF和开放性,缓解了极端温度对死亡率的影响,加剧了高IE/低SVF的热浪效应,并在住宅区放大了低IE/高SVF的寒冷效应.
结论:
- 这些发现突出了建筑环境在调节与温度相关的死亡风险方面的作用.
- 强调需要特定于环境的城市设计,以增强耐热性和适应寒冷.
- 为制定有针对性的公共卫生干预和城市规划策略提供证据.
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