运动对多动性/冲动性和抑制性控制在ADHD的行为和电生理水平的影响:系统审查和元分析
Zeping Zhang1, Xuanyu Bo2, Kun Liu3
1School of Wushu, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
Journal of attention disorders
|December 17, 2025
概括
运动改善了注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 患者的抑制控制,特别是在儿童和青少年中. 然而,运动并没有显著影响多动/冲动或特定的大脑波组件.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
背景情况:
- 注意缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 是一种神经发育障碍,其特点是注意力不集中,过度活跃和冲动.
- 运动越来越多地被探索为治疗ADHD症状的非药物干预.
- 了解运动对认知功能和ADHD神经相关的精确影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查运动干预措施对多动/冲动,抑制控制和相关事件相关潜力 (ERP) 组件在ADHD患者中的影响.
- 找出缓解运动对这些结果影响的因素.
主要方法:
- 进行了系统的文献搜索,以确定相关研究.
- 方法质量是使用修订的Cochrane偏差风险工具 (RoB 2) 和干预非随机研究中的偏差风险 (ROBINS-I) 评估的.
- 使用Stata软件进行数据分析.
主要成果:
- 包括36项涉及急性和慢性运动干预措施的研究 (38项比较).
- 运动在抑制控制方面显示出小到中等的改善,但对过度活跃/冲动或N2/P3 ERP组件没有显著影响.
- 亚组分析表明,慢性干预,每周三次,以及儿童/青少年的干预显著增强了抑制控制.
结论:
- 运动对ADHD患者的抑制控制有积极的影响,特别是在年轻人群中.
- 慢性炼方案,特别是每周三次的炼方案,似乎是最有效的.
- 运动并不能显著改善多动性/冲动性或ADHD的特定ERP标志物;其整体影响应谨慎考虑.
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