多种族子组中的慢性疾病和与衰老相关的危险因素:加利福尼亚州,2014-2023年
Tracy Lam-Hine1, Michelle C Odden2, Aliya Saperstein3,4
1Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1701 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA. lamhine@stanford.edu.
Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities
|December 17, 2025
概括
多种族成年人的健康结果在各个子组之间存在很大差异,有些子组面临更高的慢性疾病负担. 分解数据对于有针对性的公共卫生预防和支持至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 健康差异 在健康上的差异
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 多种族成年人是越来越多的美国人口,在健康研究中经常被忽视.
- 当前的研究实践聚合了多种族的个体,掩盖了关键的子组变异.
- 这种聚合限制了针对不同多种族人口的有针对性的预防策略.
研究的目的:
- 为了估计慢性疾病和与衰老相关的风险因素在分类多种族子组的患病率.
- 突出多种族人口中的健康结果变化.
- 为公众健康监测和预防工作提供信息.
主要方法:
- 分析加利福尼亚州行为风险因素监测系统数据 (2014-2023,n=100,177).
- 估计28种慢性疾病和与衰老相关的危险因素,按多种族子组分类.
- 使用2020年加利福尼亚人口数据,按年龄和性别标准化流行率估计.
主要成果:
- 多种族子组在28个研究的健康结果中24个表现出最高的患病率.
- 在近一半的结果中,跨多种族子组的患病率差异超过20个百分点.
- 美国印第安人/阿拉斯加土著黑人和西班牙裔黑人和白人成年人报告了慢性疾病,健康状况不佳和残疾的最大负担.
结论:
- 多种族成年人的健康结果缺乏统一的层次结构,因子组和健康领域而异.
- 目前的数据聚合实践掩盖了多种族人口中的健康差异.
- 能够收集分类种族/种族数据的增强监控系统对于有效的预防至关重要.
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