利用受控的人类感染模型加速对被忽视的热带疾病的疫苗开发:从莱什曼病中吸取教训
1Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
European journal of clinical investigation
|December 17, 2025
概括
控制的人类感染模型 (CHIMs) 加快了对被忽视的热带疾病 (NTDs) 的疫苗开发. 皮肤莱什曼病的Leishmania主要CHIM显示出希望,但全球实施需要协调的法规和合作.
科学领域:
- 热带医学是一种热带医学.
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 传染病研究传染病研究.
背景情况:
- 控制人类感染模型 (CHIM) 对于快速开发疫苗至关重要,特别是对于被忽视的热带疾病 (NTD).
- 传统的NTD试验可能是缓慢而昂贵的,增加了对CHIM等替代方法的需求.
- 本综述侧重于CHIMs,特别是Leishmania主要的CHIM用于皮肤莱什曼病 (CL).
研究的目的:
- 审查用于NTD疫苗研究的CHIM的科学,伦理和翻译方面.
- 突出莱什马尼亚主要CHIM对皮肤莱什马尼亚病的实用性和挑战.
- 探索如何将CHIM与其他研究方法集成,以有效开发疫苗.
主要方法:
- 这是过去20年来文献和监管文件的叙事综合.
- 包括来自原始现场工作的见解和CL的第一个沙飞传输的CHIM.
- 对CHIM设计,免疫学结果,安全性和翻译潜力的分析.
主要成果:
- CHIMs提供了早期的疗效数据,识别了免疫相关物,并有助于优先考虑疫苗候选人.
- 莱什马尼亚主要的CHIM被证明是安全的,对参与者来说是可以接受的,并提供了关于病变动态和宿主-寄生虫相互作用的见解.
- 低收入和中等收入国家的异质的道德/监管框架和挑战阻碍了CHIM的可扩展性.
结论:
- 正如CL CHIM所证明的那样,CHIM是NTD疫苗研究的关键翻译工具.
- 更广泛地实施CHIM需要解决可扩展性障碍,包括基础设施和社区参与.
- 协调的法规,伦理进步和全球伙伴关系是最大限度地发挥CHIM影响的关键.
相关概念视频
01:24Smallpox
Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
01:30Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
01:21Antiprotozoal Agents
Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...