监测可持续发展目标免疫指标:方法和挑战
Bianca O Cata-Preta1, Luisa Arroyave2, Francine S Costa2
1Post-Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, Rua Padre Camargo, 280. Curitiba, PR, 80060-240, Brazil.
Vaccine
|December 17, 2025
概括
使用国家调查来衡量儿童免疫覆盖率 (DPT3,PCV3,MCV2) 是可行的,但显示出显著的差异. 共同覆盖率差异很大,突出了需要更好的数据收集来跟踪全球卫生目标的进展.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 公共卫生监督 公共卫生监督
背景情况:
- 可持续发展目标 (SDG) 免疫指标旨在追踪全面的疫苗覆盖率.
- 测量多种儿童疫苗 (白血病-疹-百日咳,肺炎球菌,麻疹) 的共同覆盖率对于评估进展至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估使用国家调查数据来衡量SDG免疫共同覆盖率的可行性.
- 评估儿童必需疫苗 (DPT3,PCV3,MCV2) 的共同覆盖率和相关的不平等.
主要方法:
- 对公开可用的 (2015年以来) 免疫覆盖率的国家调查数据的分析.
- 在36个月龄前计算DPT3,PCV3和MCV2的综合共覆盖指标.
- 在共同覆盖中检查社会经济和城乡不平等现象.
主要成果:
- 在88项国家调查中,只有33项适用于计算共同覆盖率.
- 共同覆盖率差异很大,从埃塞俄比亚的6.1%到卢旺达的90.2%.
- 中位共覆盖率 (60.2%) 低于单个疫苗的平均覆盖率,不平等程度更大.
结论:
- 国家调查可以测量儿童疫苗共同覆盖率,但存在数据限制,特别是对于像HPV这样的青少年疫苗.
- 共同覆盖的重大社会经济和地理不平等需要有针对性的干预措施.
- 提高全国调查的频率和全面性对于终身免疫监测至关重要,尽管行政数据可能仍然至关重要.
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