在美国,在免疫力低下的成年人中接种疹疫苗
Justin Carrico1, Catherine McGuiness2, Marie Yasuda2
1GSK, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Vaccine
|December 17, 2025
概括
在免疫功能低下的成年人中,复合疹疫苗 (RZV) 的吸收量在推后很低. 然而,那些开始两剂量系列的人往往会及时完成,这表明需要有针对性的策略来改善疹预防.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 免疫接种实践咨询委员会 (ACIP) 在2021年10月推为19岁及以上的免疫功能低下的成年人提供两剂复合性疹疫苗 (RZV) 方案.
- 关于这种特定人群中RZV的实际使用模式的数据有限.
研究的目的:
- 评估美国免疫功能低下的成年人中两剂RZV系列的吸收率和完成率.
- 确定与RZV吸收和及时完成系列相关的因素.
主要方法:
- 使用IQVIA索赔数据进行了回顾性队列分析.
- 免疫受损状态是由特定的自身免疫/免疫受损条件或药物使用来定义的.
- 通过2023年6月评估了RZV吸收和完成 (定义为1-6个月间隔的两个剂量).
主要成果:
- 在超过250万符合条件的免疫受损患者中,整体RZV吸收率为8.2%,19-49岁年龄组的吸收率较低 (2.0%),而50岁及以上的吸收率较低 (10.1%).
- 在开始RZV的患者中,62.1%在6个月内完成了第二剂,70%在12个月内完成了第二剂,第二剂的中位时间为4.2个月.
- 与更高的吸收相关的因素包括艾滋病毒,西班牙裔种族和更高的社会经济地位,而年轻的年龄,更大的社会劣势和癌症与更低的吸收有关. 更高的收入和药店接种疫苗增加了完成的几率,而年轻的年龄和某些种族/族群减少了它们.
结论:
- 在免疫功能低下的成年人中,RZV的吸收率在ACIP建议后近两年仍然很低.
- 尽管最初的吸收率很低,但数据表明,启动RZV系列的免疫功能低下个体可能会及时完成它.
- 有针对性的干预措施对于加强杆菌预防至关重要,特别是在年轻的免疫力低下的人群和面临社会经济障碍的人群中.
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