稳定药物修饰的KRASG12C新抗原的工程抗体使选择性和强大的交叉HLA免疫疗法成为可能
Lorenzo Maso1, Sarah A Mosure1, Sergio A Rodriguez-Aponte1
1Aethon Therapeutics, Long Island City, NY, USA.
Nature communications
|December 17, 2025
概括
工程抗体向KRAS新抗原,以增强癌症免疫治疗. 这些双特异性抗体增加了合成新抗原的呈现,使其能够有效地杀死耐药癌细胞.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 结构生物学 结构生物学
背景情况:
- 对KRAS蛋白的共价抑制剂显示出初始的疗效,但缺乏持久的反应.
- 联修饰的coproteins在癌细胞上形成MHC受限制的 hapten-peptides (p*MHC),提供了与免疫疗法结合的向治疗的机会.
- 对于KRASG12C衍生的p*MHCs的现有证据是间接的,需要直接识别和量化.
研究的目的:
- 识别和量化来自KRASG12C的合成新抗原.
- 开发针对这些合成新抗原的工程抗体,以克服药物耐药性.
- 研究合成新抗原作为癌症免疫治疗中可操作的标的潜力.
主要方法:
- 免疫类药物被用于识别和量化KRASG12C衍生的p*MHCs.
- 一种参与T细胞的双特异性抗体,AETX-R114,被开发出来,它对由HLA-A3超型等位基呈现的索托拉西布修饰的KRASG12C具有很高的亲和力.
- AETX-R302的开发目的是针对HLA-A2和A3超型的divarasib修饰的KRASG12C.
- 使用冷电子显微镜 (Cryo-EM) 来确定结构.
主要成果:
- AETX-R114显著增加了p*MHCs的半衰期和表现,从而在体外和体内有效杀死耐药癌细胞.
- AETX-R302证明了在HLA-A2和A3超型中识别修饰KRASG12C的能力.
- 冷-EM揭示了克服HLA超型限制的结构基础.
结论:
- 工程抗体可以有效地向合成新抗原,将其转化为可行的癌症免疫治疗点.
- 这种方法提供了一种策略,以克服KRAS突变癌症的耐药性.
- 这项研究强调了将向治疗与用于癌症治疗的工程抗体相结合的治疗潜力.
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