医疗保健设施的空间不匹配和层次优化:对可访问性和供需动态的多源地理空间分析
Huanhuan Qiang1, Xinyu Xie2, Hui Wang3
1Department of Urban Design, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China. qhh@njfu.edu.cn.
International journal of health geographics
|December 17, 2025
概括
大城市的医疗保健资源分配面临着空间不平等. 本研究使用南京的空间框架来揭示资源不匹配,并提出基于精度的解决方案,以实现公平的获取.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 城市规划 城市规划
- 地理信息系统 (GIS) 是指地理信息系统.
背景情况:
- 大城市的快速城市化加剧了医疗保健资源分配的挑战,包括空间不平等和分散的等级诊断和治疗系统.
- 现有的医疗保健资源评估往往难以将统计充分性与功能效率相协调,特别是在人口密的城市地区.
研究的目的:
- 构建一个多尺度的空间分析框架,以诊断医疗保健资源供需不匹配的情况,在中国南京.
- 评估医疗保健设施在不同服务水平 (三级,二级,初级) 的空间分布和可访问性.
- 为城市医疗保健系统提出一个优化,精准的资源配置战略.
主要方法:
- 整合社区级数据与100米人口线数据.
- 应用分层两级浮动采集区 (H2SFCA) 方法与校准的服务半径.
- 引入"人均床位合规率"以评估功能效率.
主要成果:
- 南京表现出"核心-外围"不匹配:三级医院集中在中心,而人均床位可用性低于推值,风险过载.
- 二级医院表现出矛盾的分布 (旧城区的短缺,郊区的过剩),而初级医院对高需求社区的服务不足.
- 过渡区显示出由于人口流动而导致的供需断裂,而不是静态数据,影响5%的地区.
结论:
- 在南京,存在着"核心-外围"不匹配和二级和初级医疗保健资源的矛盾分布.
- 一个拟议的双路径优化框架 ("根据LISA集群类型的有针对性的干预" + "层次协调") 提供了以精度为导向的资源配置.
- 这种方法论范式适用于全球高密度城市,以建立高效的"15分钟医疗圈"并改进层次化的医疗保健系统.
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