量化经济不平等对非洲十个国家五岁以下儿童死亡率的负担:世卫组织基于HEAT的分析
Alpha Umaru Bai-Sesay1,2,3, Edward Ellie4, Rosetta Doreen Jones4,5,6
1Ministry of Health, National Public Health Agency, Freetown, Sierra Leone. umarbaisesay@gmail.com.
BMC public health
|December 18, 2025
概括
经济不平等对非洲可预防的儿童死亡作出了重大贡献,占五岁以下儿童死亡率的高达45%. 针对最贫穷的家庭是加速儿童生存率和实现可持续发展目标3.2的关键.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
- 儿科死亡率 儿科死亡率
背景情况:
- 非洲国家面临着高低的五岁以下死亡率,阻碍了可持续发展目标3.2.
- 社会经济差异显著影响儿童生存率,但不平等对儿童死亡的确切负担未得到量化.
研究的目的:
- 量化10个非洲国家中因经济不平等而导致的5岁以下儿童死亡的比例.
- 评估儿童生存中的财富梯度,并确定高负担环境.
主要方法:
- 使用世卫组织健康公平评估工具包 (HEAT) v.6.0.0.进行跨国二次分析.
- 包括来自10个非洲国家 (2022年) 的数据,涵盖超过650万活产婴儿.
- 利用联合国IGME数据按财富五分位数和性别进行分类,应用多个不平等指标 (例如,人口归因分数).
主要成果:
- 在所有研究的国家中,五岁以下儿童的死亡率都超过了可持续发展目标目标,从每1000个活产婴儿中从38.0到117.3不等.
- 观察到显著的财富梯度,最贫穷的五分之一经历了不成比例的高死亡率.
- 经济不平等占马里五岁以下儿童死亡的高达44.7%,凸显了与不平等相关的重大负担.
结论:
- 经济不平等是非洲高负担国家中可预防的五岁以下儿童死亡的主要驱动因素,高达45%的死亡率.
- 整合公平指标和针对最贫困人口的干预措施对于改善儿童生存率至关重要.
- 精确的公共卫生战略,专注于最脆弱的五分之一,对于减少非洲儿童死亡率至关重要.
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