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运动员急性呼吸道疾病的发生:系统性审查和元分析
Wilma Grönroos1, Matti Uhari2, Olli Ruuskanen3
1Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland.
Exercise immunology review
|December 18, 2025
概括
运动员患急性呼吸道疾病 (ARI) 的频率几乎是非运动员的两倍. 这一元分析强调了对运动人口中ARI发生的更多长期研究的需要.
科学领域:
- 运动医学 运动医学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 估计运动员急性呼吸道疾病 (ARI) 发生率对于有针对性的预防策略至关重要.
- 了解运动员与非运动员的ARI患病率,可以为公共卫生干预提供信息.
- 病毒性ARIs是常见的,而且具有流行性,因此需要仔细的研究设计.
研究的目的:
- 与非运动员对照人群相比,估计运动员中ARI的发生率.
- 综合现有关于运动群体ARI发病率的研究.
- 确定有关运动员长期ARI监测的文献上的差距.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,EBSCOhost和Web of Science (1990-2023) 的系统文献搜索.
- 纳入标准:报告在运动员中发生ARI的研究,持续时间>=12个月和非运动员对照.
- 随机效应模型用于计算ARI的发病率比率 (IRR).
主要成果:
- 六项研究符合病毒性ARI的资格标准.
- 运动员的ARI发生率是非运动员对照的1.87倍 (综合IRR为1.87).
- 据估计,运动员的ARI率为3.2,对照组为1.7.
结论:
- 与非运动员相比,运动员的ARIs发生率明显高.
- 目前的研究缺乏关于运动员ARI发生的高质量,长期研究.
- 需要进一步的研究来阐明有助于增加运动员ARI风险的因素.
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