儿童在他们的社会判断中使用种族:一个多站点,多种族组比较
Mercedes A Muñoz1, Elizabeth A Enright2, Sarah E Gaither1
1Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Collabra. Psychology
|December 18, 2025
概括
儿童在社会判断中表现出群体内偏见,在态度和资源分配中偏好自己的种族群体. 然而,他们并不总是认为自己的内部群体具有更高的地位.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 种族认同发展 种族认同发展
背景情况:
- 现有的关于儿童基于种族的社会判断的研究往往缺乏参与者的种族和方法的多样性.
- 对于来自不同种族/种族背景的儿童如何做出社会判断的理解有限.
研究的目的:
- 在一个多样化的幼儿样本中广泛检查基于种族的社会判断.
- 调查跨态度,人际距离,资源分配和地位感知的群体内偏见.
- 通过种族/族群和地理区域对这些判断进行比较.
主要方法:
- 从美国四个最大的种族/种族群体 (黑人,拉丁裔,亚裔,白人) 招募了666名年龄在4~6岁的儿童.
- 在五个不同的地理区域收集数据,以确保广泛的代表性.
- 评估社会判断,包括种族态度,人际距离,资源分配和地位感知.
主要成果:
- 儿童在态度,资源分配和人际距离方面始终表现出群体内偏见.
- 在群体内识别和更高的感知状态之间没有发现有系统的关联.
- 白人儿童比其他种族群体更频繁地表现出这些内部群体偏见;黑人,拉丁裔和亚洲儿童的结果更为多样化.
结论:
- 幼儿在社会判断中表现出显著的群体内偏见,特别是在态度和资源分配方面.
- 与种族相关的地位感知的发展可能会跟随与其他社会判断不同的轨迹.
- 未来的研究应该探索非白人儿童基于种族的判断中观察到的变异性.
相关概念视频
02:55Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
94.8K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
94.8K
02:16Surveys
16.6K
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
16.6K
01:27Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison
207
Social comparison plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of personal success and self-worth. Rather than assessing our achievements in isolation, we interpret their significance relative to personal goals and critically in comparison to the performance of others. A grade of B in a mathematics exam might elicit pride if one's expectation was a C, yet result in disappointment if an A was anticipated or if peers achieved superior results. These comparative evaluations illustrate how both...
207
02:16Stereotype Content Model
15.3K
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
15.3K
02:01Group Design
10.1K
The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
10.1K
01:50Cross-Sectional Research
12.3K
In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
12.3K