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Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...

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An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP
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重新评估单剂量凯托洛拉克用于初级宫腔整形术术后疼痛管理.

Athena Zhang1, Sofia A Finestone1, Jonathan Chestang1

  • 1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.

The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association
|December 18, 2025
PubMed
概括

在初级口腔整形术后,单剂量凯托洛拉克可以改善早期疼痛控制,而不会增加并发症. 这种非类固醇抗炎药物为儿科手术恢复提供了潜在的好处.

关键词:
托拉多尔 (Toradol) 是一种多拉多尔药.裂口口腔的 palatal palatal 是一个口腔裂口.凯托罗拉克是什么 凯托罗拉克是什么这是一种阿片类阿片类药物.疼痛管理 疼痛管理宫腔整形术 (palatoplasty) 是一种宫腔整形术.儿科 儿科 儿科 儿科

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科学领域:

  • 儿科手术 儿科手术
  • 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
  • 疼痛管理 疼痛管理

背景情况:

  • 宫腔整形是一种常见的儿科手术手术.
  • 有效的疼痛管理对于宫腔塑造术后的恢复至关重要.
  • 阿片类药物的使用与儿科患者的显著副作用有关.

研究的目的:

  • 为了评估一次性术后剂量基托洛拉克 (ketorolac) 在初级宫腔整形 (PP) 后的安全性.
  • 评估Ketorolac在减少阿片类药物消费和改善康复指标方面的有效性.
  • 为了比较接受和不接受 ketorolac.lac 的患者之间的结果.

主要方法:

  • 未来的队列研究与历史的对照在三级儿科医院.
  • 124名患者在PP后接受了单次静脉注射剂量的凯托洛拉克;125人没有.
  • 安全结果包括出血和氧气需求;有效性结果使用FLACC尺度,阿片类药物使用和口服时间.

主要成果:

  • 两组之间没有出血,氧气需求或不良事件的显著差异.
  • 凯托洛拉克组在手术后的前4小时内显示出明显较低的FLACC得分.
  • 趋势表明,在ketorolac组中,阿片类药物的使用较低,口服摄入较早,住院时间较短.

结论:

  • 立即术后单剂量基托洛拉克在初级 palatoplasty 后是安全的.
  • 凯托洛拉克可以改善早期的术后疼痛控制,而不会增加并发症的发生率.
  • 对于其他观察到的潜在益处,需要进一步研究.