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了解对洪水引发灾害的脆弱性:对处于风险中的个人和疏散挑战进行全面的范围审查
Clara Del Prete1,2, Martina Valente3,4, Abesha Mitiku Saji3,5
1CRIMEDIM, Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and Global Health, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Lanino 1, 28100, Novara, Italy. clara.delprete@uniupo.it.
BMC health services research
|December 19, 2025
概括
高收入国家的洪水疏散计划往往忽视了弱势群体. 本次审查强调了定义和解决脆弱性的关键差距,敦促采取更具包容性和跨部门的灾害管理策略.
科学领域:
- 灾害管理 灾害管理
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
背景情况:
- 在全球范围内,洪水灾害的频率和严重性正在增加.
- 高收入国家 (HICs) 在管理洪水影响方面面临重大挑战,特别是对弱势群体.
- 有效的疏散管理对于减轻洪水相关损害至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查HIC中洪水引发灾害期间疏散管理中如何定义,解决和运行脆弱性.
- 在当前的脆弱性评估和管理实践中发现差距和不一致.
- 为更具包容性和有效的洪水灾害管理策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 根据PRISMA-ScR指南进行的范围审查.
- 在2014年至2025年期间发表的同行评审研究的系统搜索.
- 分析了98项专注于洪水疏散脆弱性的研究.
主要成果:
- 在对疏散中的脆弱性进行概念化和应用方面存在关键的差距和不一致性.
- 代表性不足的群体包括单亲家庭,照顾者,患有精神疾病的个人,无证工作者以及语言/教育障碍的人.
- 国家对脆弱性绘制和管理的方法多样化和分散,只有有限的证据将评估与规划和庇护联系起来.
- 关于灵活的激增容量和替代护理设施的研究,以了解脆弱性的疏散是稀缺的.
- 整个灾难时间线的连续性,从灾难前评估到长期恢复,得到了很差的解决.
结论:
- 在HICs的洪水疏散管理中,脆弱性没有得到一致或全面的解决.
- 需要更具包容性,跨部门和运营战略,以保护受影响人口的不成比例.
- 未来的研究应该侧重于整合整个灾难时间表中的脆弱性评估,并探索创新的方法,如基于社区的快速评估中心.
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