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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

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Phase-Contrast Microscopes
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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
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    此摘要是机器生成的。

    XPCIpy是一个新的开源Python软件,用于X射线相位对比成像 (PCI). 它模拟和重建图像,改善低原子数材料的可视化和减少文物.

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    科学领域:

    • 物理 物理学 物理
    • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
    • 医疗成像医学成像

    背景情况:

    • 对低原子数材料的X射线吸收成像具有有限的对比度.
    • X射线相对比成像 (PCI) 通过利用相位变化来增强可视化.
    • 从强度数据中提取相位信息需要专门的技术.

    研究的目的:

    • 介绍XPCIpy,一个开源的Python软件用于X射线PCI.
    • 提供模拟基于传播的成像 (PBI) 和塔尔博特-劳相对比成像 (TLPCI) 的工具.
    • 允许重建TLPCI图像和纠正文物.

    主要方法:

    • 使用Python开发XPCIpy,具有模块化架构和GUI.
    • 实现了相级逐步的图像检索方法.
    • 包括最小正方形和基于FT的重建算法与文物校正.

    主要成果:

    • XPCIpy成功地模拟了PBI和TLPCI.
    • 重建算法有效地检索相位信息.
    • 文物校正算法减轻了Moiré模式和其他问题.
    • 通过模拟和实验数据验证.

    结论:

    • XPCIpy为X射线PCI研究提供了一个多功能和可访问的框架.
    • 该软件有助于优化实验设置和测试新的算法.
    • XPCIpy是科学界在X射线成像中的一个有价值的工具.