在为期三年的游泳训练中,青春期前女孩的体育表现的决定因素
Mariusz J Kuberski1, Agnieszka Musial2, Piotr Krużołek3
1Uniwersytet Jana Dlugosza w Czestochowie, Częstochowa, Poland.
Frontiers in sports and active living
|December 19, 2025
概括
对于年轻的女游泳者来说,400米前爬行表现取决于脚尺寸和呼吸功能,而不是有氧能力. 关键因素包括脚尺寸,生命能力 (VC) 和身体脂肪百分比.
科学领域:
- 体育科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 儿科生理学 儿科生理学
- 游泳表现分析 游泳表现分析
背景情况:
- 了解影响游泳表现的因素对于训练年轻运动员至关重要.
- 青春期前游泳者表现的决定因素可能与老年运动员不同.
- 人类测量,生理和呼吸系统参数是潜在的性能预测指标.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定400米前爬行游泳表现的关键人体测量,生理和呼吸决定因素.
- 分析这些决定因素在青春期前,非精英女游泳者.
主要方法:
- 这是一项长度研究,为期三年,对14名青春期前女性游泳者进行了纵向研究.
- 定期测量身体脂肪,人体测量,有氧/无氧能力和呼吸系统参数 (VC,FEV1,FVC).
- 通过每六个月进行一次400米前爬行游泳测试进行性能评估.
主要成果:
- 脚尺寸,生命能力 (VC) 和身体脂肪百分比是400米前爬行表现最重要的预测因素.
- 在考虑了多对线性之后,这些因素表现出了最强的影响.
- 其他体质和生理变量对表现的影响较小.
结论:
- 在青春期前的女孩中,400米前爬行表现主要受到脚长和呼吸指标的影响.
- 有氧能力不是这个年龄组和性能距离的主要决定因素.
- 培训计划可能受益于专注于生物力学方面 (脚尺寸) 和呼吸效率.
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