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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
7.1K
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
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Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

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增加免疫检查点与抑制剂相关的甲状腺功能障碍的获取和质量护理.

Anne K Brinkman1, Amori Y Salami-Henry1, Lori A Aaron-Brija2

  • 1Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.

JCO oncology practice
|December 19, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

一个新的免疫瘤毒性 (IOTOX) 诊所显著减少了免疫治疗相关甲状腺功能障碍 (irTD) 患者的等待时间. 这家专业诊所加速了甲状腺功能测试的正常化,改善了对免疫相关不良事件的患者护理.

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科学领域:

  • 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
  • 在瘤学瘤学.
  • 提高质量 提高质量

背景情况:

  • 癌症免疫疗法正在增加,导致更多的免疫相关不良事件 (irAEs).
  • 与免疫疗法相关的甲状腺功能障碍 (irTD) 是常见的,导致内分泌咨询延迟.
  • 及时管理IRTD对于患者的治疗结果至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了减少与IRTD患者的咨询等待时间.
  • 为了减少甲状腺功能测试 (TFT) 在irTD患者正常化的时间.
  • 使用"计划-做-研究-行动"框架实施质量改进项目.

主要方法:

  • 建立了一个专门的免疫瘤毒性 (IOTOX) 诊所.
  • 在临床上配备高级实践提供者 (APP) 和医生支持.
  • 利用标准化算法进行IRTD评估和治疗.

主要成果:

  • 咨询等待时间的中位数从21天减少到9天 (P = .01).
  • 随访的中位时间从180天提高到58天 (P < .001).
  • 甲状腺刺激激素正常化的中位时间从102天减少到38天 (P < .001).

结论:

  • 该IOTOX诊所模型有效地改善了患者的接入,并加速了TFT正常化.
  • 由APP领导的诊所采用标准化的协议,增强对IRAEs的护理.
  • 这个模型可以被其他机构调整为管理IRE.