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稀土元素在废弃永久磁铁中的加速溶解机制具有氧气空位

Kang Liu¹, Zibo Xu², Mengmeng Wang³

¹National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for Efficient Resource Utilization of Metallurgical Slag, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.

Journal of environmental management

|December 19, 2025

概括

机械化学处理使用深度性溶剂 (DES) 加快了从磁铁中稀土元素的溶解. 这种方法通过创造氧气空缺来增强氧化物的溶解,而不是铁氧化物,这对于回收至关重要.

科学领域:

材料科学材料科学材料科学
化学工程是化学工程的重要组成部分.
可持续化学可持续化学

背景情况:

磁氧的缓慢溶解速度阻碍了稀土元素 (REE) 的分离和回收.
永久磁铁含有大量的可再生能源,如 (Nd),由于其稳定的氧化物形式,造成了回收挑战.
开发有效的溶解REE氧化物的方法对于可持续的资源管理至关重要.

研究的目的:

为了研究永久磁铁中的铁 (Fe) 和 (Nd) 氧化物加速溶解.
探索机械化学处理和深度性溶剂 (DES) 的联合使用,以提高溶解效果.
阐明氧气空缺在溶解过程和速率差异化中的机械作用.

主要方法:

机械化学加工与使用深度浸泡溶剂 (DES) 的提取相结合.
从永久磁体氧化物中分析了 Nd 和 Fe 的溶解速率.
使用密度函数理论 (DFT) 计算来理解缺陷形成和吸附机制.

主要成果:

使用机械化学处理和DES实现了和铁氧化物的加速溶解.
与Fe相比,观察到Nd的溶解率显著更高.
确定了氧气空缺在增强溶解和 Nd 和 Fe 氧化物之间的溶解速率差异中的关键作用.

结论:

氧气空缺的出现是提高DES系统中的溶解和速率差异化的关键.
与铁氧化物 (Fe2O3) 相比,氧化物 (Nd2O3) 优先开发氧气空缺,并对DES组件表现出较大的吸附亲和力.
本研究提供了利用DES有效地从废弃永久磁铁中回收REE的机制理解.

关键词:

重要矿物回收重要矿物回收机械化学加工机械化学加工资源循环性资源循环性有选择性的提取.可持续的废物管理可持续的废物管理缺陷工程是什么?缺陷工程是什么?

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