大麻对心血管健康的影响:当前的证据,知识差距和未来的研究方向
Ahmed K Mahmoud1, Reza Arsanjani2, Chadi Ayoub2
1Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Internal Medicine Department, Boston Medical Center-Brighton, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Trends in cardiovascular medicine
|December 19, 2025
概括
大麻使用量正在上升,但其对心血管的影响尚不清楚. 虽然一些研究将THC与心脏问题联系起来,但最有力的证据表明心房律乱,风险因使用因素而异.
科学领域:
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 全球大麻使用量随着更广泛的合法化和高强度产品而增加.
- 人们越来越担心大麻的心血管安全性,但科学证据是不一致的.
- 现有的关于大麻和心血管结果的研究呈现出一个复杂而往往矛盾的画面.
研究的目的:
- 综合当前关于大麻对心血管的影响的科学证据.
- 评估大麻使用与各种心血管结果之间的关联.
- 确定当前研究的局限性,并建议临床方法.
主要方法:
- 从2014年到2025年8月,对同行评审的人类研究进行了叙述性审查.
- 在PubMed和谷歌学者数据库中搜索相关研究.
- 包括观察队列,随机试验,元分析,门德尔随机化和机械学研究.
主要成果:
- 观察性研究表明,THC使用与心肌梗塞,中风和主要不良心血管事件 (MACE) 之间存在混合关联,通常通过混调整减弱.
- 在大麻使用和心房节律失常之间观察到更一致的关联.
- 关于静脉血栓栓塞的证据不一致,研究受到暴露错误分类和混因素的限制.
结论:
- 虽然机械学数据表明THC会影响自主功能,内皮和血小板,但整体心血管证据仍然是混合的.
- 最一致的发现将大麻使用与心房律不整联系起来,风险受到剂量,途径和物质的共同使用的影响.
- 临床医生应采取预防措施,减少患有心血管相关疾病的患者的危害,因为证据不一致和研究的局限性.
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