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相关概念视频

Language Development01:22

Language Development

799
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
799
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

714
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
714
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

408
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
408
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

676
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
676
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

957
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
957
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

1.2K
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

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第二语言词汇学习:学习模式,测试模式和单词类之间的相互作用.

Paula Janjić1, John P Spencer1, Kenny R Coventry1

  • 1University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK.

Cognition
|December 20, 2025
PubMed
概括

第二语言 (L2) 词汇学习的有效性取决于学习和测试方法与单词类型的匹配. 基于文本的测试有利于动词和前置词,支持L2获取的混合语言模型.

科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 获得第二语言的学习.
  • 教育技术的教育技术

背景情况:

  • 关于第二语言 (L2) 词汇学习的理论解释不同的是,含义是基于非语言经验还是分布模式.
  • 现有的关于L2词汇学习中的感觉运动和语言过程的研究已经产生了不一致的结果.
  • 之前的研究往往忽略了调节变量,如单词属性和学习和测试中的模式一致性.

研究的目的:

  • 系统地研究学习模式,测试模式,词类和L2词汇获取中的翻译模两可之间的相互作用.
  • 检查基于图像和基于文本的学习以及不同的测试模式如何影响各种词类型的学习.
  • 开发一种精细的L2词汇学习模型,考虑测试模式与特定单词类的对齐.

主要方法:

  • 对320名成年参与者进行了两项实验.
  • 研究了基于图像和基于文本的学习模式的影响.
  • 检查了不同测试模式和单词类对L2词汇学习的影响.

主要成果:

  • 学习模式的有效性不均,与测试模式相互作用.
  • 在测试模式和词类之间观察到显著的相互作用.
  • 基于文本的测试对学习动词和前置词特别有益.
关键词:
基于图像的学习学习.第二语言学习学习第二语言学习试验方法的影响 试验方法影响基于文本的学习.获得词汇的获得词汇.单词类效应是一个词类效应.

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Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

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Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

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Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
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结论:

  • 不同的词类涉及不同的认知过程和接地机制.
  • 通过整合体化 (感官运动) 和分布式 (语言) 视角,研究结果支持混合语言模型.
  • 一个强调测试模式与词类对齐的L2词汇学习模型可以增强教学策略和数字学习工具.