西南大西洋深海底的微塑料和POP:对大动物和沉积物的研究
Gabriel Stefanelli-Silva1, Marcelo R S de Melo2, Diego R C Pascoal3
1Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Mar Profundo (LAMP), Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (IO-USP), Praça do Oceanográfico 191, São Paulo (SP), 05508-120, Brazil.
Marine pollution bulletin
|December 20, 2025
概括
微塑料和持久性有机污染物污染了西南大西洋深海底. 这项研究发现无脊椎动物摄入微塑料,鱼类和沉积物的化学污染物,突出显示了巴西深海生态系统的污染.
科学领域:
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 生态毒理学 生态毒理学
背景情况:
- 深海是众所周知的人为垃圾的沉水池.
- 评估人类对深海生态系统的影响是一个日益增长的科学关注.
- 之前的研究集中在南半球的大陆边缘.
研究的目的:
- 首次报告西南大西洋深海底存在微塑料 (MP) 和持久性有机污染物 (POP).
- 调查地无脊椎动物的MP摄入情况以及地下鱼类和沉积物中POP污染情况.
- 为巴西桑托斯盆地的深海社区建立基线污染数据.
主要方法:
- 检查了9个地无脊椎动物物种 (n=61) 的肠道含量,以检查摄入的微塑料.
- 分析了鱼类 (n=14) 和沉积物样本的多二 (PCB) 和多二乙烯 (PBDE).
- 使用材料分析确定了微塑料成分.
主要成果:
- 在3种无脊椎动物中发现了微塑料纤维,其中海黄瓜Deima validum的污染率最高 (54.54%).
- 确定的MP包括聚胺,聚烯二,聚乙基,聚烯和聚硫化物合成.
- 在鱼类 (5197636 ng g-1脂质重量) 和沉积物 (1.283.96 ng g-1干重量) 中检测到PCB.
- 只有在鱼类中检测到PBDE (BDE-47和BDE-99).
结论:
- 这项研究提供了深海无脊椎动物摄入微塑料的第一个证据,以及大西洋西南部鱼类和沉积物的POP污染.
- 这些发现强调了海洋污染的普遍性,扩展到深海环境.
- 需要进一步的研究来确定这些深海污染物的来源和生态后果.
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