直接比较nocebo,欺骗性安慰剂和开放性安慰剂对持续视觉注意力的影响
Jonas Potthoff1, Helena Hartmann2
1Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria.
Acta psychologica
|December 20, 2025
概括
期望可以影响认知表现,但这项研究发现,尽管有安慰剂和安慰剂建议,但在视觉注意力任务中没有显著的群体差异. 观察到学习效应,但没有预期驱动的变化.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 期望,包括安慰剂和nocebo效应,可以调节认知能力.
- 之前的研究显示出混合的结果,并且缺乏不同期望类型之间的直接比较.
- 期望对认知表现的影响,特别是在健康个体中,需要进一步研究.
研究的目的:
- 调查欺骗性安慰剂,开放式安慰剂和nocebo建议对视觉注意力任务性能的影响.
- 为了比较不同期望调制对认知结果的直接影响.
- 区分治疗建议的主观和客观影响.
主要方法:
- 一项预先注册的在线研究,有197名参与者使用混合设计.
- 参与者在收到关于白噪声效应的书面建议之前和之后完成了视觉注意力任务.
- 建议包括欺骗性安慰剂,开放性安慰剂,nocebo或没有建议条件.
主要成果:
- 从建议前到建议后观察到学习效应 (更快的反应时间,更低的错误率) 的证据.
- 没有发现与认知表现相关的群体差异的直接证据.
- 诺塞博组报告的影响评级低于安慰剂组,噪音影响的评级高于预期.
结论:
- 虽然学习效应影响认知表现,但特定的预期操纵 (安慰剂,无效药) 没有产生群体差异化的客观认知变化.
- 对影响和预期效应的主观评价有所不同,强调需要区分感知和实际的认知调制.
- 这项研究强调了对认知的预期影响的复杂性和严格的实验设计的重要性.
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