评估生育率:开发出意大利泽西牛生育率的选择指数
Paola E Milia1, Martino Cassandro2, Alberto Cesarani3
1Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy.
Journal of dairy science
|December 20, 2025
概括
乳牛的生育能力正在下降,这是由于牛奶产量的选择. 这项针对意大利泽西牛的研究发现,生育能力和生产特征之间存在不利的遗传关联,这表明需要平衡的繁殖计划.
科学领域:
- 动物遗传学动物遗传学
- 乳制品科学 乳制品科学
- 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
背景情况:
- 在乳牛中强化对高产奶的选择无意中导致了生育率的降低,这给乳牛养殖带来了经济挑战.
- 保持最佳的生育率对于有效的奶牛群管理至关重要,确保一致的牛奶产量并最大限度地降低与非生产性动物相关的成本.
研究的目的:
- 为了估计意大利泽西牛的生育特征的遗传参数.
- 评估生育能力和关键生产特征 (牛奶,蛋白质和脂肪产量) 之间的遗传相关性.
主要方法:
- 利用了33053天的开放日期 (DO) 记录的数据集,来自16667只意大利泽西牛.
- 使用单特征和多特征动物模型来估计DO的遗传性 (h2) 和与牛奶,蛋白质和脂肪产量的遗传相关性.
- 模型将群体,永久环境和动物纳入随机效应,并使用基于血统的关系矩阵将平价和月-年作为固定效应.
主要成果:
- 开放日 (DO) 的估计遗传率很低 (h2 = 0.04 ± 0.01).
- 在DO和生产特征之间观察到不良的遗传相关性:0.16±0.08的牛奶产量 (MY),0.12±0.09的蛋白质产量 (PY),和0.23±0.09的脂肪产量 (FY).
- 遗传趋势表明生产特征稳步增加,而DO随着时间的推移显示出更多的变化.
结论:
- 尽管遗传性很低,但通过意大利泽西牛的有针对性的选择,可以通过基因改善生育能力.
- 这些发现强调了将生殖特征纳入育种目标的重要性,以实现平衡的遗传进步并提高群体的可持续性.
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